Independent energy/ PRACTICAL GUIDE

Choose backup power around the loads that must run.

Understand running power, motor starts, safe placement and the connection to the house.

THE FIRST THING TO KNOW

A generator’s advertised peak rating is not a promise that it can start every motor or power every circuit together.

1. Make a deliberately limited load list

List the functions that matter during an outage: water, refrigeration, heating controls, lights and communications. Separate optional heating, cooking and other high-power loads. Record continuous power from documentation or measurements and obtain starting requirements for motors.

A staged operating plan may reduce the peak requirement. For example, postponing a discretionary appliance while the well pump starts changes the simultaneous demand. This is a planning decision, not a reason to ignore protection or equipment ratings.

2. Keep running and starting ratings separate

If a manufacturer gives total starting watts for one motor, add the other already-running loads to that total. Do not add the same motor’s running watts a second time. If the documentation instead lists “additional starting watts”, the arithmetic is different; convert it to a total before using our tool.

The calculator handles a single motor start with known total starting watts. It does not model several motors starting together, voltage dip, power factor, ambient derating or a generator’s transient response. Ask the supplier to confirm compatibility with your actual load list.

3. Choose a safe operating arrangement

Portable generators must operate outdoors, away from openings and occupied spaces, with working CO alarms in the house. A garage, shed or basement is not an acceptable operating location. Follow the manufacturer’s operating and weather-protection instructions.

For a connection to house wiring, use an arrangement specified and installed by a qualified electrician. Never feed power into a household socket. The CPSC hazard guide explains the shock and backfeeding risks, as well as safe refuelling precautions.

CPSC · Portable generator hazards

4. Make the outage routine usable

Keep a short procedure with the equipment: where it operates, what it supplies, who can start it and how transfer back to the normal supply works. Use the installer’s and manufacturer’s instructions rather than improvising a sequence during a storm.

Record service intervals and fuel arrangements. A successful test with a lamp does not show that the well pump will start. Have the intended load combination verified through an appropriate commissioning test and record the limitations.

Questions for the equipment supplier

QuestionWhy it mattersEvidence to request
Can it supply the running load continuously?Continuous and advertised peak ratings differRated output under your conditions
Can it start this motor with other loads on?Transient response is separateManufacturer compatibility confirmation
What happens at altitude or high temperature?Available output may be reducedApplicable derating data
How is the house isolated from the grid?Prevents dangerous backfeedingElectrician’s approved connection design
How is fuel handled and stored?Runtime and safe operationOperating and maintenance instructions

Worked example

One motor starting while essentials remain on

Other running loads total 700 W. A motor uses 600 W running and has a documented total starting demand of 1,800 W.

Running combination = 700 + 600 = 1,300 W
Starting combination = 700 + 1,800 = 2,500 W

These are load requirements, not a recommended generator size. Confirm duration, voltage, power factor and actual motor-starting capability with the manufacturer.

What to have ready

  • Essential-load list
  • Total starting requirement for each motor
  • Approved electrical connection
  • Safe outdoor operating location
  • Service and fuel plan

Common mistakes

  • Adding running watts twice to a total starting rating.
  • Choosing equipment only by its peak advertising number.
  • Running a portable generator in a garage.

USE THE NUMBERS

Related calculators

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Reference check: 5 September 2026. Sources include US public agencies. Principles are general; regulations and design values must be checked where you live.Worked examples use stated hypothetical inputs.